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  The following table shows the facts we should consider before creating any hypothesis.
The Proven Facts About Nazca Lines
Variable Nazca Lines Facts
Location: Nazca and Palpa in Peru (-14.716667, -75.133333)
Culture Type: Nazca and Paracas
Authenticity: Indisputable
Age: Nazca(500 BCE- 500 CE) and Paracas (800-100 BCE)
Minimum Age: 100 BCE
Easy To Draw: Just remove the superficial red iron oxide layer
Difficult to See: Only partial view from e hills. Most can only be fully contemplated at higher altitudes.
Easy To Erase: Just a little rain woud erase all lines
Difficult to Explain: Several concurrent theories. Multi-purpose system.
Early Mentionned: by Pedro Cieza de León in 1553
First Analysis: by archaeologist Toribio Mejia Xesspe in 1926
Public Awareness: 1930's with the appearance of commercial airlines
Extensive Analyis: Paul Kosok (1939-1949) and Maria Reiche (1941-1998)
Practice: Elongated Cranium
Other Constructions: Cahuachi Pyramid and Cantalloc Aqueducts
Electronic Iteractive Map: Geekglyph 2012 (Google Earth - KLM) and Geekglyph 2017 (Cesium-CZML)
Basic Composition: Geometric shapes (Trapezoids), Lines and Figures (Icons)
Number of Icons: So far, around 48 icons, from which 12 are birds.
Not unique phenomena: Candelabro de Paracas, Band of Holes, Atacama Giant, Morro de Arica, Chiza, Tiliviche, Cerro Pintados
The Central Icon It is undoubtedly the Condor
Main Surviving Culture Incas. The Incas possibly inherited part of Nazca culture knowledge, mainly Ceque System.
Main Belief: Cuzco was considered the Center of the World, from which emanated the straight lines - ceques
Cartography: Inca Monoliths Sayhuite Stone in Abancay and Kenk Stone near Cuzco depict a map
Hydrographic: Figures have hydrographic meaning. Of course, they were in the desert where the most precious element is water.
Possible Foreign Contacts: Pokotia Monolith and Magna Bowl (controversial), having Sumerian inscriptions.
Contemporary of Sumerians Nearby big site Caral was carbon dated +2627 BCE, Sumer Early Dynastic Period I sfrom 2900 BC

  Just these facts allow us to draw some basic conclusions:
1- The lines were drawn to last. The people who build them had advanced knowledge of climatology. They chose a never rain region.
2- The Aqueducts probably had double purpose: keep some areas dry by lowering the underground water table and provide gardens for subsistence
3- The lines were built to be seen by their gods or flying entities. It is a message to the Gods or Flying Beings.
4- By the size of the area (170 sq mi)), the message seem to be very important.
  And from these basic conclusions we can delineate the Main Hypothesis:
  The Lines reflect some kind of Proto Ceque System and, as such, they have multiple purposes: astronomic, calendric, religious, geographic, historic, numeric, linguistic, political and social.
  The basic proof we give to sustain such hypothesis is: The direction of the main Ceque, Cuntisuyu, originated from the Qurikancha in Cuzco perfectly matches the direction of the Condor and The Big Rectangular Plataform next to the Condor has heading 69.34 degrees, which ends exactly in the Qurikancha.


  Our Secondary and more speculative hypothesis is that Nazca is a Map of the World.
  The basic assumption sustaining such hypothesis is that the Icons are grouped in geo-astronomic headings: 6.5, 23.5, 63.5 and 72.5. Also the Central Icon (Condor) matches the ceque system.
  If the central icon is in effect the Andes east of Nazca, then the whole system should be rotated 72.5 degrees and scaled Nazca Max Length 60 Km divided by Earth Circumferece approx. 40000 km => Scale 40000/60 = 666.666.
  As a matter of fact Nazca basic geometry is defined by a isosceles triangle, where the distance from the condor to the astronaut icons is the same as the distance from the condor to the palpa hummingbird icon, making an internal angle of 2x72.5=145 degrees.
  Strangely, the astronaut icon is perfectly aligned to the center of Khafre Pyramid and Ahu-Tongariki, defining a 30 degree vertex Great Circle. This alignment was studied by Jim Allison. The most simple explanation is that as civilizations developed along the Delta of big rivers, their centers are aligned just because the Deltas are aligned by nature. By coincidence the vertex is next to Giza, which is the historial prime Meridian. So, this wonder may have 2 undeniable characteristics: East-West line from prime meridan civilization and delta at 30 degrees latitude North.
  The Armillary sphere also depicts the Great Circle at 23.5 degrees, which is the Ecliptic, in the shape of a ribbon or plane. Erathostenes invented this sphere and also measured the Earth in circa 250BC based on the distance from Aswan (old Syene - 24 degrees North) and Alexandria (31), which is the same distance distance from the Great Pyramid to the average Tropic of Cancer (22-24 degrees, avg 23). Both differs from 7 degrees, leading to the same pattern: 15-22-29, 16-23-30 and 17-24-31.
  The results are summarized in the table below. A better vizualization can be performed straight in our app, where we present the icons, the projections and the meanings side-by-side.


Nazca Icon and Projection Analysis
Type Icons Heading Nazca World Map
Icon Projection coord geodetic match physical match historical match Match Quality
Calendric Calendar -6.5° 72.5° 23.3°,-48.1° Tropic of Cancer Kane fracture zone Pirireis 23.5°, -42.6° A
Spider -6.5° 66.0° -14.5°,-69.7° Lake Titicaca (north part and shape) B
Key -6.5° 66° -9.3°,-71.4° Purus River C
Liz Flower -49° 23.5 -12.4°,-71.3° Delta Alignment Madre de Dios Cuzco-Pisac direction B
Fan -96° -23.5° -1.4°,-71.9° Equator Pucumayo-Amazon river A
Equinoctial Hummingbird 23.5° 96.0° 0.6°,-73.2° Equator Caquetá-Japurá-Amazon river Shamanic symbol A
Snowflake -47° 60° 37.6°,18.6° Gulfs of Patra and Corinth Delphi, Olympia and Mycenae B
Palpa Pelican 47° 145° 39.0°,17.1° Gulf of Taranto Magna Graecia A
Moa 235° 47° -60.3°,154.6° Polar Front Macquarie Island pointing to New Zealand B
Trapezoid Bird 47° 145° 35.6°,-0.2° Greenwich Lake Oran - Atlas Mountains El Bayadh A
Precessional Astronaut 72.5° 156.5° -46.8°,-100.4° 2x Tropic Capricorn Latitude Complex: See Full Analysis Easter Island A
Condor 72.5° 145° -12.9°,-72.3° Delta Alignment Sacred Valley Machu Picchu A
Palpa Hummingbird 72.5° 145° 7.5°,-36.8° Delta Alignment Vernadskiy Fracture zone B
Parrot 72.5° 145° -21.7°,-64.0° Tarija and Tariquia B
Harmonic Flower 90° 162.5° -16.6°,-68.7° Lake Titicaca (south part). Sajama flower of volcanos(dir). Akapana Pyramid A
Eagle -90° -17.5° 10.9°,-55.9° 2D Alignment Orinoco- Corentyne Deltas La Blanchisseuse B
Tumi Knife 120° -96° 44.9°,44.6° Kuma River and Volga Delta C
Checkboard 23.5° 72.4°,-144.9° 1/4 North Pole to Tropic of Cancer Beaufort Sea A
Solar Clock 107.5° 39.0°,43.3° Longitude of Vertex of Delta Alignment Lake Van (Solar Clock),Lake Sevan (Monster), Lake Urmia (triple spiral) Urartu A
Referential Monkey 63.5° -44° -7.5°,-80.0° Peruvian North Point (Isla Lobos de Tierra and Islas Lobos de Afuera) Chan Chan , Otuzco, Cumbe Mayo, Kuntur Wasi, Tucume Pyramid, Huaca del Sol A
Lizard 63.5° 136° -19.0°,-67.2° Lakes Poopo-Ururu Possible Atlantis (Jim Allen) A
Hands 63.5° 136° -19.2°,-68.2° Lake Uyuni shape. Aymara legends A
Tree 63.5° 136° -18.8°,-68.0° Lake Uyuni tree stones formations. Aymara legends A
Fox 127° 199.5° -12.0°,-78.3° Isla San Lorenzo Temple of the Fox, Markawasi, Caral, Chankillo, Chavin de Huantar, Pachacamac A
Flamingo 63.5° 136° -17.8°,-62.8° Rio Grande-Gran Chaco B
Arrows 63.5° 136° -23.8°,-56.5° Tropic of Capricorn Iguaçu Falls B
Whale -63.5° 116.5° -46.7,143.7 2x Tropic Capricorn Tasmania. Shape of Australia-Papua. Humpback Whale migration route A
Mandala 63.5° 116.5° 56.5,-94.3 North Pole and Tropic of Cancer middlepoint Hudson Bay B
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